Técnicas de rescate con helicóptero

Técnicas de rescate en helicóptero academia nacional de búsqueda y rescate

Los helicópteros constituyen una herramienta de rescate excepcional, pero tienen limitaciones operativas específicas.

Es importante reconocer que las consecuencias de un rescate en helicóptero mal gestionado pueden ser rápidas y fatales. Los rescatistas deben comprender estos límites y tener la disciplina profesional para no sobrepasarlos durante una emergencia.

Como concluyen repetidamente los investigadores de accidentes, la presión psicológica autoimpuesta nos lleva a tomar malas decisiones cuando la adrenalina nubla nuestro juicio. Si bien la toma de decisiones erróneas es prevenible, lamentablemente, es un factor en la gran mayoría de los accidentes de rescate en helicóptero.

Índice de contenidos

Sección / Capítulo	Página
Introduction	6
When to Use a Helicopter	6
Weather and Nighttime Limitations	10
Night Rescue Operations by Helicopter	10
Preplanning and Mission Planning	12
Risk Management Process	15
U.S. Coast Guard and Operational Risk Management	16
GAR Risk Assessment Model	17
Public Aircraft Regulations – FAA	19
Public Aircraft	19
Rotorcraft External Load Operations – Public Aircraft	19
Mission Management	20
Flight Following	20
Crew Resource Management	20
Communications	21
Five Communication Responsibilities for All Personnel	21
Hand Signals	22
Using Direct Statements	22
Briefing Personnel	24
Multi-Tasking	24
Landing Zones	25
Rotor Wash	26
Hot Loading	27
Aircraft Weight and Balance	28
Load Calculation	28
Helicopter Rescue Crew Configuration	30
Helicopter Flight Characteristics and Limitations	31
Helicopter Aerodynamics	31
Ground Effect	32
Autorotation	32
Translational Lift	33
Density Altitude	33
Hover Ceiling	33
Center of Gravity	33
Helicopter Landings	33
Slope Landings	34
One-Skid Landings	34
Toe-In Landings	34
Hover Landings	35
Power-On Landing	35
Basic Helicopter Safety	35
Preflight Briefing	35
Safety During Helicopter Operations	35
Personnel Protective Equipment	36
Personal Preparedness	39
In-Flight Emergency: Survival Plan Checklist	39
Emergency Water Ditching Survival Training	39
Patient Care and Transport Considerations	40
Helicopter Rescue Techniques	42
Helicopter Hoist Rescue	42
Hoist Cable Management	44
Hoist Cable Construction	45
Hoist Cable and Rescue Hook Assembly	46
Possible Cable Damage	47
Static Discharge	48
Line Entanglement	49
Litter Transfer in Exposed Terrain	54
Helicopter Rappel	54
Helicopter Short-haul	56
Short-haul Operational Hazards	60
Litter Transfer in Exposed Terrain (procedimientos de izado)	61
Short-haul Emergency Procedures	62
Rescuer Head-to-toe Safety Checklist (HEC Techniques)	64
Helicopter Short-Haul Checklist (Pre-Mission)	64
Helicopter Rescue Appliances	65
Helicopter Rescue Bags	65
Collapsible Rescue Basket	66
Rescue Net (Billy Pugh Net)	66
Medevac Litter	68
Rescue Seat or Forest Penetrator (Jungle Penetrator)	68
Tag Line / Trail Line	70
Additional Personnel Lifting Devices	70
Rescue Strop	70
Quick Strop	71
Rescue Evacuation Triangle (Petzl Pitagor)	72
Screamer Suit	72
Hoisting Vest	73
Post Incident Considerations	73
Helicopter Rescue Training Considerations	75
Summary	75
Bibliography	77
References	81
Glossary	82
APPENDICES	92

Autor principal

Academia Nacional de Búsqueda y Rescate